Are Liquid Nitrogen Tanks Safe?

Liquid Nitrogen Tanks Safe

Liquid nitrogen is extremely cold and can quickly convert into a gas at room temperature. This can pose a serious hazard to people who handle it. The two most important safety concerns associated with liquid nitrogen are asphyxiation and skin contact. Both can result in serious and permanent injury or death.

Because liquid nitrogen tank rapidly expands to 695 times its liquid volume, it can displace oxygen and cause asphyxiation in an enclosed area. Breathing the vaporized liquid can reduce oxygen concentration to below 19 percent. Asphyxiation requires immediate evacuation from the area and artificial respiration. The victim should wear full face shields, goggles, gloves and leather or cryogenic shoes.

Ensure that the room where liquid nitrogen is stored or used is well ventilated. If the room does not have adequate ventilation, the evaporating liquid may produce gases which can infiltrate the air, increasing the risk of asphyxiation. Inadequate venting of liquid nitrogen can also result in excess pressure buildup that could lead to damage to the equipment or even explosion. To prevent this, piping in which cryogenic liquids can be trapped should have pressure relief valves that are piped to properly designed vents.

Are Liquid Nitrogen Tanks Safe?

Filling a liquid nitrogen dewar is a hazardous operation and should be performed only by trained and qualified personnel who are familiar with the properties of the cryogenic liquid. The container should be filled slowly to minimize temperature-induced stresses and allow the pressure buildup to be controlled.

For each liquid nitrogen dewar, it should be filled only to a maximum of 80% of the capacity, to avoid overfilling and the possibility of thermal effects or excessive pressure buildup. The liquid should be withdrawn using only approved hoses and valves.

Always wear a full face shield over safety glasses or chemical splash goggles when dispensing and handling cryogenic liquids to minimize the risk of burns, frostbite and explosion. Loose-fitting thermal insulated or leather gloves, long-sleeve shirts and trousers without cuffs should also be worn.

Never use any tools to force the opening of a liquid dispensing valve! This is a sign that the equipment is failing and should be replaced. Keep a copy of this document handy for quick reference and review when working with liquid nitrogen.

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The inner vessel of a storage tank is made of carbon steel or stainless steel and maintains several inches of insulating material in a vacuum. This insulating material is necessary to control heat transfer and minimize boil-off of the liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen or liquid argon stored within the vessel.

When a unit is opened and closed, a significant increase in the rate of evaporation of liquid nitrogen occurs. The evaporation rate will depend on the type of container and pattern of use, as well as its age and condition.

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When moving a liquid nitrogen cylinder, the cylinder should be placed on a stand or cart to minimize spills and potential injuries. Do not attempt to roll or move the cylinder with a hand cart, as it can cause crushing injury.